[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"dest-b0842794f744":3,"categories-en":36,"detail-extra-238":171,"travel-countries-en":271},{"id":4,"publicId":5,"slug":6,"name":7,"shortDescription":8,"categoryId":9,"importance":10,"lng":11,"lat":12,"coverImageUrl":13,"country":14,"region":15,"ratingAvg":16,"ratingCount":16,"sensitivity":16,"distanceM":-1,"kind":17,"cityGuideId":18,"description":19,"countryCode":20,"adminArea":18,"elevationM":21,"bestMonths":22,"tips":29,"howToGetThere":18,"youtubeIds":30,"timezone":35,"cityGuideSlug":18,"cityGuidePublicId":18,"cityGuideName":18,"poiTheme":18,"poiNeighborhood":18},238,"b0842794f744","borobudur","Borobudur","The largest Buddhist temple on Earth, on Java: nine stone terraces with no inner chamber, climbed rather than entered, past a kilometre of carved relief.",25,2,110.2038,-7.6079,"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F238\u002Fcover.webp","Indonesia","Central Java",0,"monument",null,"Borobudur is the largest Buddhist temple on Earth, a stepped mountain of grey stone standing in the rice fields of central Java, in Indonesia, and it has no inside. There is nothing to walk into: you climb it, past more than a kilometre of carved relief. The reading starts at the eastern stairway and goes clockwise with the temple wall on your right, the direction pilgrims take. On the first gallery the upper row gives the life of the Buddha in 120 panels, ending at his first sermon, with tales of his earlier lives facing it. From the second gallery up, more than 460 panels follow a boy called Sudhana from teacher to teacher in search of wisdom. One level you will not read at all. Around the base lie 160 more panels on how good and bad deeds come back to you, sealed behind an added stone casing not long after the temple was finished. Whether that was to hold up a sagging structure or to put the scenes out of sight has never been settled.\n\nIn the niches along the square terraces sit 504 Buddhas, and it is the damage that registers: over three hundred broken, most without heads, forty-three gone altogether. In 1896 the Dutch let King Chulalongkorn of Siam cart off eight loads of sculpture, which is still on display in Bangkok. Water in the hill was rotting the monument from underneath. Between 1973 and 1983 the square terraces came down block by block, over a million stones numbered, cleaned and set back on new foundations with drains built in. Once a year at Waisak it works as a temple again: monks process in from Mendut with water and a flame, circle the stone, and after dark hundreds of paper lanterns go up together. Above the last carving the stories stop and seventy-two bell-shaped stupas ring the open summit, each with a Buddha sitting inside it. The stone is pierced rather than left open, so what you get through the gaps is a shoulder, a hand, part of a face in the shadow.","ID",265,[23,24,25,26,27,28],5,6,7,8,9,10,"access|**Climbing to the top is capped and guided** — the upper terraces admit set numbers in timed sessions with soft Upanat sandals, so book the temple-structure ticket ahead rather than on arrival.\ntiming|**Come for first light, then beat the midday sun** — the plain is coolest and mistiest just after dawn; by late morning the open upper terraces turn harsh under the equatorial heat.\nview|**The framed view of the whole temple is from Setumbu Hill** — a short drive away, this low rise catches Borobudur floating on morning mist with the volcanoes lined up behind.\ncrowds|**Weekdays are far calmer** — Borobudur is a major domestic pilgrimage and school-trip site, packed on weekends and Indonesian holidays, so a weekday dawn session feels much quieter.",[31,32,33,34],"xRWCnPxnuug","MSWdNkkefgE","BbPF0k8fXVk","o5FbKg49gsA","Asia\u002FJakarta",[37,42,47,52,57,62,67,72,77,82,87,91,96,101,106,111,116,121,126,130,135,140,144,148,152,156,161,166],{"id":38,"slug":39,"name":40,"color":41},15,"river","Rivers & Streams","#14B8A6",{"id":43,"slug":44,"name":45,"color":46},16,"coast","Coasts & Cliffs","#0891B2",{"id":48,"slug":49,"name":50,"color":51},17,"fjord","Fjords","#6366F1",{"id":53,"slug":54,"name":55,"color":56},18,"valley","Valleys","#22C55E",{"id":58,"slug":59,"name":60,"color":61},19,"volcano","Volcanoes & Craters","#EA580C",{"id":63,"slug":64,"name":65,"color":66},20,"wetland","Wetlands & Deltas","#0D9488",{"id":68,"slug":69,"name":70,"color":71},21,"savanna","Savannas & Plains","#EAB308",{"id":73,"slug":74,"name":75,"color":76},22,"rock-formation","Rock Formations","#9A3412",{"id":78,"slug":79,"name":80,"color":81},23,"plateau","Plateaus & Highlands","#84CC16",{"id":83,"slug":84,"name":85,"color":86},24,"ancient-site","Ancient Sites","#B45309",{"id":9,"slug":88,"name":89,"color":90},"sacred-site","Sacred Sites","#9333EA",{"id":92,"slug":93,"name":94,"color":95},26,"fortress","Fortresses","#78350F",{"id":97,"slug":98,"name":99,"color":100},27,"engineering","Engineering Marvels","#475569",{"id":102,"slug":103,"name":104,"color":105},28,"monumental-art","Monumental Art","#C026D3",{"id":107,"slug":108,"name":109,"color":110},29,"village","Villages","#F97316",{"id":112,"slug":113,"name":114,"color":115},30,"historic-town","Historic Towns","#E11D48",{"id":117,"slug":118,"name":119,"color":120},31,"unique-settlement","Unique Settlements","#10B981",{"id":122,"slug":123,"name":124,"color":125},1,"waterfall","Waterfalls","#38BDF8",{"id":10,"slug":127,"name":128,"color":129},"lake","Lakes","#3B82F6",{"id":131,"slug":132,"name":133,"color":134},3,"beach","Beaches & Coves","#0EA5E9",{"id":136,"slug":137,"name":138,"color":139},4,"mountain","Peaks","#F59E0B",{"id":23,"slug":141,"name":142,"color":143},"forest","Forests","#059669",{"id":24,"slug":145,"name":146,"color":147},"canyon","Canyons","#EF4444",{"id":25,"slug":149,"name":150,"color":151},"cave","Caves","#8B5CF6",{"id":26,"slug":153,"name":154,"color":155},"geothermal","Geothermal & Travertines","#F472B6",{"id":157,"slug":158,"name":159,"color":160},12,"ice","Ice Worlds","#60A5FA",{"id":162,"slug":163,"name":164,"color":165},13,"island","Islands","#06B6D4",{"id":167,"slug":168,"name":169,"color":170},14,"desert","Deserts","#D97706",{"gallery":172,"exps":190,"boxes":205,"seasons":225,"near":248,"peers":270},[173,175,178,181,184,187],{"url":13,"attribution":174},"Christopher Michel \u002F Wikimedia Commons",{"url":176,"attribution":177},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F238\u002Fg0.webp","5527002 \u002F Pixabay",{"url":179,"attribution":180},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F238\u002Fg1.webp","masbebet \u002F Pixabay",{"url":182,"attribution":183},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F238\u002Fg2.webp","明珠 梁 \u002F Pexels",{"url":185,"attribution":186},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F238\u002Fg3.webp","Rowan Heuvel \u002F Unsplash",{"url":188,"attribution":189},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F238\u002Fg4.webp","Mario La Pergola \u002F Unsplash",[191,196,200],{"title":192,"description":193,"imageUrl":194,"attribution":195},"Read the relief galleries in order","Start at the eastern stairway, where the story starts, and take each gallery clockwise with the temple wall on your right — the direction pilgrims walk. On the first gallery's inner wall the upper row is the life of the Buddha in 120 panels, ending at his first sermon, while the balustrade facing it carries tales of his earlier lives. From the second gallery up, more than 460 panels follow a boy named Sudhana from teacher to teacher in search of wisdom.","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F238\u002Fe2.webp","Mike van Schoonderwalt \u002F Pexels",{"title":197,"description":198,"imageUrl":199,"attribution":186},"Find the Buddhas inside the latticed stupas","Climb past the last carved gallery onto the three open circular tiers at the summit, where the stone stories end. Seventy-two bell-shaped stupas ring them, and inside each one sits a Buddha in meditation. The stone is pierced with small openings rather than left open, so you look through the gaps and catch a shoulder, a hand or part of a face in the shadow instead of the whole figure. Between them the plain, the mist and the distant volcanic cones fill the horizon.","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F238\u002Fe3.webp",{"title":201,"description":202,"imageUrl":203,"attribution":204},"Look at what is missing from the Buddhas","The Buddhas in the wall niches around the square terraces are the ones you see properly, and the damage is what registers: of 504 statues, over three hundred are broken and most have lost their heads. Forty-three are gone entirely, and severed heads from here sit in museum collections abroad. In 1896 the Dutch let King Chulalongkorn of Siam cart off eight loads of sculpture, still on display in Bangkok's National Museum.","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F238\u002Fe5.webp","Utkarsh Malviya \u002F Pexels",[206,211,216,220],{"boxType":207,"title":208,"body":209,"deepBody":210,"sourceNote":18},"did_you_know","The temple's hidden foot","Around the base of Borobudur lies a whole level of carving no visitor sees — 160 relief panels sealed behind an added stone casing not long after the temple was built.","Known as the Karmawibhangga, these panels show the workings of karma — good and bad deeds and their consequences. Why they were covered is unsettled: some think it was to buttress a sagging structure, others that the scenes were meant to stay unseen. A corner was left exposed, and photographs of the rest hang in the site museum.",{"boxType":212,"title":213,"body":214,"deepBody":215,"sourceNote":18},"culture","A climb through three worlds","The ascent is a map of Buddhist cosmology in three levels: the hidden base stands for the world of desire, the square galleries for the world of form, the open circular terraces for the formless realm.","Pilgrims traditionally walk clockwise around each level as they rise: Kamadhatu at the base, then Rupadhatu, rich with reliefs and Buddhas, then Arupadhatu, bare and crowned by a single great stupa. They leave the carved world behind as they climb toward release.",{"boxType":212,"title":217,"body":218,"deepBody":219,"sourceNote":18},"The night the temple fills with lanterns","Once a year at Waisak (Vesak in the wider Buddhist world), the full-moon feast of the Buddha's birth, enlightenment and death brings thousands of monks and pilgrims, and Borobudur works as a temple again.","Robed monks walk in procession from nearby Mendut Temple to Borobudur carrying holy water and an eternal flame, then circle the monument in prayer. After dark, the crowd releases hundreds of paper lanterns that drift up together — a wish to let go of the year's troubles. It is Indonesia's largest Buddhist gathering.",{"boxType":221,"title":222,"body":223,"deepBody":224,"sourceNote":18},"history","Taken apart stone by stone","To save it, they dismantled it. Between 1973 and 1983 the five square terraces came down block by block — every stone numbered, cleaned and put back on new foundations with drains built in.","Water sitting in the hill under the monument was rotting it from beneath, so the fix had to reach the core. More than a million blocks were catalogued and treated, and the bill ran past 25 million dollars of internationally raised money — one of the largest rescues UNESCO has ever coordinated. The listing came afterwards, in 1991.",[226,233,238,243],{"phenomenon":227,"peakMonths":228,"note":230,"requiresDarkSky":231,"sortOrder":232},"chapter_quiet",[122,10,131,136,229,157],11,"The wet season: the mandala and its kilometre of reliefs stay fully open every day, but afternoon storms and low cloud usually hide Merapi, so the floating-volcano dawn is the gamble you may lose. Nothing closes.",false,50,{"phenomenon":234,"peakMonths":235,"note":236,"requiresDarkSky":231,"sortOrder":237},"chapter_peak",[23,24,25,26,27],"The dry season brings the clearest dawns: cool, still mornings when mist pools on the Kedu Plain and Merapi and Merbabu float above the pierced stupas. July and August are driest; May's Waisak full moon (date shifts yearly) fills the grounds with lantern-lit pilgrims.",51,{"phenomenon":239,"peakMonths":240,"note":241,"requiresDarkSky":231,"sortOrder":242},"chapter_edge",[28],"October is the shoulder: the dry-season clarity is fading as the first afternoon rains return, but early mornings can still deliver a mist-wrapped, volcano-backed dawn with thinner crowds than the July–August peak.",52,{"phenomenon":244,"peakMonths":245,"note":246,"requiresDarkSky":231,"sortOrder":247},"baseline",[],"The terraced stone mandala rises from the Kedu Plain year-round, best at dawn when Merapi floats above the mist; the dry season, May to September, is clearest.",99,[249,260],{"id":250,"publicId":251,"slug":252,"name":253,"shortDescription":254,"categoryId":136,"importance":10,"lng":255,"lat":256,"coverImageUrl":257,"country":14,"region":258,"ratingAvg":16,"ratingCount":16,"sensitivity":16,"distanceM":259,"kind":18,"cityGuideId":18},70,"a05f1fde9d5c","mount-bromo","Mount Bromo","A smoking crater in a grey ash plain on Indonesia's Java, watched from a ridge at dawn, sacred to the Tenggerese who throw offerings in.",112.95,-7.94166667,"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F70\u002Fcover.webp","East Java",305153.75190414,{"id":261,"publicId":262,"slug":263,"name":264,"shortDescription":265,"categoryId":122,"importance":10,"lng":266,"lat":267,"coverImageUrl":268,"country":14,"region":258,"ratingAvg":16,"ratingCount":16,"sensitivity":16,"distanceM":269,"kind":18,"cityGuideId":18},375,"94f2cd3b3871","ijen-blue-fire","Tumpak Sewu Waterfall","Dozens of streams pouring over one 120-metre cliff in Indonesia's East Java, 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