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Kelimutu

Kelimutu

LakesIndonesiaEast Nusa Tenggara,Indonesia
Fragile nature — stay on the trail, leave no trace.

One volcanic summit on Flores, Indonesia, carrying three crater lakes, each a different colour, each drifting unpredictably through turquoise, green, black and red over months.

September·Peaking now

Jun–Sep

The dry season peak: near-rainless mornings clear the craters, so the pre-dawn mist lifts to reveal all three lakes from the rim. The trade-off is cold — this is the chilliest stretch of the year on the summit before sunrise.


Year-round Kelimutu's three crater lakes shift unpredictably between turquoise, black and red all year, and the changes follow no season; the dry season, June to September, brings the clear dawns for watching them from the rim.

Kelimutu is a volcano on Flores, in eastern Indonesia, and its summit carries three crater lakes side by side, each a different colour and none of them keeping it. Over a few months a lake drifts from turquoise to green to black to red and back, on no schedule anyone has worked out. The photograph that sent you there is often of a colour that has since gone. Each basin is a vat of volcanic acid. Gas rises through the crater floors, sulphur and chlorine, keeping the water fiercely acidic and loaded with dissolved iron, and every shift in that chemistry turns the minerals a different shade. Two of the lakes are separated by one thin wall of rock, close enough that a turquoise one can sit an arm's reach from a black or blood-red one. The third lies apart in a crater of its own. For the Lio people in the villages below, the three are where the dead gather: elders in one, the young in another, the restless and the wicked in the third. The road up from Moni is driven in the dark, and the last stretch is a short walk to the rim, cold and windy until the sun reaches you. Mist sits in the craters and pulls back slowly, so the lakes come out one at a time. The paths link all three basins, and the place to stand is the narrow wall between the neighbouring two, with a different colour below you on either side. Between November and April cloud settles into the craters and a dawn can show you nothing at all. Instead of driving back down, a path leaves the summit grassland for montane forest, then threads between smallholdings of coffee and cocoa to the rice terraces around Moni. Once a year the rim is not a viewpoint. On 14 August the Lio villages climb the mountain with food and lay it along the crater edge for their dead, and whoever came up for the sunrise finds that the morning belongs to them.

Worth knowing

Good to know

  • Look west for the third lake — Tiwu Ata Bupu sits apart in a crater of its own, so the famous pair on the summit rail is only two of Kelimutu's three.
  • The summit is cold and windy before dawn — bring a warm layer and a torch for the unlit final climb, and take care near the low railings at the crater edges.
  • The dry months, June to September, give the clearest dawns — in the wet season cloud often fills the craters and hides the lakes entirely, so weigh the timing before you climb.

Things to do

  1. 1

    Come up on 14 August with the offerings

    Come up on 14 August with the offerings

    Once a year the Lio villages climb Kelimutu to feed their dead. On 14 August, families carry food up to the crater rim and lay it out for the ancestors in the rite called Pati Ka Dua Bapu Ata Mata. Anyone on the mountain that morning shares it with the ceremony rather than with the usual sunrise line.

  2. 2

    Cross between all three craters

    Cross between all three craters

    Follow the rim paths that link the summit's three basins, taking in each lake from a different angle. The best stop is the thin wall separating the two neighbouring craters, where you look down on both at once. A green or turquoise lake sits an arm's reach from a black or red one, split only by a ridge of rock. Seen up close, the colours rarely match what the last photograph showed.

  3. 3

    Walk the forest trail down to Moni

    Walk the forest trail down to Moni

    Instead of driving back down, take the path that drops off the mountain toward Moni. It leaves the summit grassland almost at once for montane forest, then threads between smallholdings of coffee and cocoa before the rice terraces of the valley open up around the village.

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