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Makgadikgadi Pans

Makgadikgadi Pans

DesertsBotswanaCentral,Botswana

The salt floor of a vanished inland sea in Botswana, 16,000 square kilometres flat enough to show the earth's curve, baobabs on one granite island.

September·Quiet month

Sep–Nov

The pans are at their emptiest and most punishing: shadeless glare and October heat topping 45°C, with nowhere to sit out the middle of the day. Zebra still hold the Boteti into October, then the crust waits, drivable, until the rains return around December.



Year-round Kubu Island's baobabs, the white crust and the meerkat clans are here all year; the flood, the flamingos and the herds are not.

The Makgadikgadi Pans are the floor of a sea that dried up: sixteen thousand square kilometres of salt crust in Botswana with almost nothing standing on it. Guided quad bikes run far out onto the open pan, where the ground crunches under you like packed snow. Then the guides switch the engines off. There is no hill, no tree and no building anywhere for a sound to come back from, so the silence is total. The one thing that breaks the flat is Kubu Island, a granite ridge a kilometre long lifting ten metres out of the white. Old baobabs grip the rock, and dry-stone walls and cairns run along its spine. At last light the stone goes orange and the pan around it turns pink. On Kubu's windward side the granite is polished smooth, with terraces of rounded pebbles below it. That is a beach: the pebbles were worked round by waves breaking against this rock, before the rivers feeding the lake were tilted away and it evaporated. Out on Ntwetwe, Chapman's Baobab was the only landmark on the crossing, twenty-five metres round, and travellers left letters in its hollow for the next wagon. It turned out to be six fused stems from three generations, the oldest about 1,400 years, and it came down in 2016. You walk the whole ring of the trunk at ground level now. From July to October the zebra are back on the Boteti, the only open water for miles, filing down the steep banks in thousands while lions work the treeline. The rains turn them round again, out to the mineral grass at the pan's edge, and in a wet year flamingos nest on Sowa's open mud. At the edge, habituated meerkat clans let you sit at their level while one stands sentry. There is nothing to pitch a tent against and nothing solid to peg into, so bedrolls go straight down on the salt, and you lie at ground level with the horizon unbroken all the way round.

Worth knowing

Good to know

  • Never take the crust for granted — soft brine mud sits under a dry-looking surface and swallows wheels, and there is no landmark to steer by. Travel with a guide or a second vehicle.
  • Go out at first and last light — midday on the pan is shadeless glare that flattens everything, while at dawn and dusk the white crust picks up pink and gold and the heat lets go.
  • Check the moon before booking a night out — a full moon is bright enough to walk the crust without a torch, but it drowns the stars in an otherwise unpolluted sky.
  • Kubu Island is a national monument and a sacred place — camping is booked through the community trust that manages it, and the stone walls, cairns and old tools stay exactly where they lie.
  • Carry your own water, fuel and shade — there is no supply and no phone signal out on the pans, and dry-season nights drop close to freezing however hot the day was.

Things to do

  1. 1

    Stand among Kubu Island's ancient baobabs

    Stand among Kubu Island's ancient baobabs

    Kubu is a granite ridge a kilometre long, lifting ten metres out of the white salt, with old baobabs gripping the rock and low dry-stone walls and cairns running along its spine. Come at last light, when the stone turns orange and the pan around it goes pink.

  2. 2

    Climb over the fallen Chapman's Baobab

    Climb over the fallen Chapman's Baobab

    The six fused stems lie where they came down, so you can walk the whole ring of the trunk at ground level and climb onto the toppled wood. What stood for centuries as the only landmark on the Ntwetwe crossing is now something you look down on.

  3. 3

    Walk or quad-bike the open pan

    Walk or quad-bike the open pan

    Beyond the last baobab the crust runs flat and featureless to the horizon; guided quad-bikes head far out onto it, where the ground crunches underfoot like packed snow. Guides switch the engines off out there, and because there is no hill, tree or building anywhere for sound to bounce off, the silence is total.

  4. 4

    Meet the meerkat sentinels

    Meet the meerkat sentinels

    Habituated meerkat clans near the pan's edge let visitors sit at eye level while a lookout stands sentry on hind legs. Early morning, before the colony disperses to forage, is the best time to visit.

  5. 5

    Sleep out on the bare crust

    Sleep out on the bare crust

    There is nothing on the pan to pitch a tent against and nothing solid to peg into, so bedrolls go straight down onto the salt. You lie at ground level with an unbroken horizon all the way round you, and there is no shade anywhere once the sun comes back up.

  6. 6

    Meet the zebra herds on the Boteti River

    Meet the zebra herds on the Boteti River

    When the pans dry out, the migration falls back on the Boteti, the only open water for miles. Thousands of zebra file down the steep banks to drink while lions work the treeline, and from July to October the river is the busiest place in the park.

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