[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"categories-en":3,"dest-233c8c40a725":144,"detail-extra-780":170,"travel-countries-en":310},[4,9,14,19,24,29,34,39,44,49,54,59,64,69,74,79,84,89,94,99,104,109,114,119,124,129,134,139],{"id":5,"slug":6,"name":7,"color":8},15,"river","Rivers & Streams","#14B8A6",{"id":10,"slug":11,"name":12,"color":13},16,"coast","Coasts & Cliffs","#0891B2",{"id":15,"slug":16,"name":17,"color":18},17,"fjord","Fjords","#6366F1",{"id":20,"slug":21,"name":22,"color":23},18,"valley","Valleys","#22C55E",{"id":25,"slug":26,"name":27,"color":28},19,"volcano","Volcanoes & Craters","#EA580C",{"id":30,"slug":31,"name":32,"color":33},20,"wetland","Wetlands & Deltas","#0D9488",{"id":35,"slug":36,"name":37,"color":38},21,"savanna","Savannas & Plains","#EAB308",{"id":40,"slug":41,"name":42,"color":43},22,"rock-formation","Rock Formations","#9A3412",{"id":45,"slug":46,"name":47,"color":48},23,"plateau","Plateaus & Highlands","#84CC16",{"id":50,"slug":51,"name":52,"color":53},24,"ancient-site","Ancient Sites","#B45309",{"id":55,"slug":56,"name":57,"color":58},25,"sacred-site","Sacred Sites","#9333EA",{"id":60,"slug":61,"name":62,"color":63},26,"fortress","Fortresses","#78350F",{"id":65,"slug":66,"name":67,"color":68},27,"engineering","Engineering Marvels","#475569",{"id":70,"slug":71,"name":72,"color":73},28,"monumental-art","Monumental Art","#C026D3",{"id":75,"slug":76,"name":77,"color":78},29,"village","Villages","#F97316",{"id":80,"slug":81,"name":82,"color":83},30,"historic-town","Historic Towns","#E11D48",{"id":85,"slug":86,"name":87,"color":88},31,"unique-settlement","Unique Settlements","#10B981",{"id":90,"slug":91,"name":92,"color":93},1,"waterfall","Waterfalls","#38BDF8",{"id":95,"slug":96,"name":97,"color":98},2,"lake","Lakes","#3B82F6",{"id":100,"slug":101,"name":102,"color":103},3,"beach","Beaches & Coves","#0EA5E9",{"id":105,"slug":106,"name":107,"color":108},4,"mountain","Peaks","#F59E0B",{"id":110,"slug":111,"name":112,"color":113},5,"forest","Forests","#059669",{"id":115,"slug":116,"name":117,"color":118},6,"canyon","Canyons","#EF4444",{"id":120,"slug":121,"name":122,"color":123},7,"cave","Caves","#8B5CF6",{"id":125,"slug":126,"name":127,"color":128},8,"geothermal","Geothermal & Travertines","#F472B6",{"id":130,"slug":131,"name":132,"color":133},12,"ice","Ice Worlds","#60A5FA",{"id":135,"slug":136,"name":137,"color":138},13,"island","Islands","#06B6D4",{"id":140,"slug":141,"name":142,"color":143},14,"desert","Deserts","#D97706",{"id":145,"publicId":146,"slug":147,"name":148,"shortDescription":149,"categoryId":140,"importance":95,"lng":150,"lat":151,"coverImageUrl":152,"country":153,"region":154,"ratingAvg":155,"ratingCount":155,"sensitivity":155,"distanceM":-1,"kind":156,"cityGuideId":157,"description":158,"countryCode":159,"adminArea":157,"elevationM":160,"bestMonths":161,"tips":164,"howToGetThere":157,"youtubeIds":165,"timezone":157,"cityGuideSlug":157,"cityGuidePublicId":157,"cityGuideName":157,"poiTheme":157,"poiNeighborhood":157},780,"233c8c40a725","palmyra-syria","Palmyra","A caravan city of honey-gold colonnades in the Syrian desert, grown around a warm spring, ruled briefly by Queen Zenobia and partly dynamited by ISIS.",38.2681,34.5514,"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F780\u002Fcover.webp","Syria","Homs Governorate",0,"nature",null,"Palmyra is a caravan city in the Syrian desert whose colonnaded main street still runs more than a kilometre through the sand. It stands where it does for one reason: Efqa, a warm spring, the only permanent water on this stretch of steppe. Caravans crossing between Persia and the Mediterranean stopped at it, and Palmyra grew rich taxing them. In the 270s its queen, Zenobia, ruled as regent for her young son and pushed her armies across the Roman East as far as Egypt, until the emperor Aurelian besieged the city and took her back to Rome in chains. Caravan money built the Great Colonnade, 750 columns along a single street, of which more than 200 are still upright. The stone is honey-coloured and there is no shade anywhere, so the hour after dawn is when you walk it, the low sun raking gold down the whole length.\n\nAt the far end of that street stood the Temple of Bel, the largest religious building in the Roman Near East and in use for close to two thousand years, until ISIS dynamited it in 2015. You come now to cleared ground and a field of blocks, and it is the plainest measure of what was taken. The Monumental Arch, which marked the turn from the colonnade towards the public square, went the same year; what still stands tells you how high it reached and how densely every surface was carved. West of the city, dozens of tower tombs several storeys tall fill the Valley of the Tombs, where merchant families laid their dead for generations. On the ridge above, the thirteenth-century castle of Qalaat ibn Maan gives you the widest view over the ruins and the oasis. The water went too: Efqa ran dry in 1994, drained by drought and pumping after four thousand years. Khaled al-Asaad looked after Palmyra's antiquities for more than forty years and had moved hundreds of statues to safety before the town fell. ISIS held him and he would not say where. They killed him in August 2015, at eighty-two, and his killers never found them.","SY",400,[100,105,110,162,163],10,11,"orientation|**Reaching Palmyra means a long desert drive from Homs or Damascus** — the modern town has little fuel, water or lodging, so arrange transport and supplies before you set out.\naccess|**Check current security and entry rules before you commit** — Syria only reopened to travellers after the regime change of late 2024, and conditions across this region can still shift quickly.\nsafety|**The ground around the ruins is mined** — hundreds of thousands of landmines remain, only a fraction cleared; keep to swept roads and go nowhere with anyone who cannot say what is cleared.",[166,167,168,169],"MvfoOw5dnOc","7_jKzzuFPNg","xMWfjsoqosc","wB5mkeqsljY",{"gallery":171,"exps":186,"boxes":203,"seasons":218,"near":249,"peers":309},[172,174,177,179,181,184],{"url":152,"attribution":173},"Foto: James Gordon \u002F CC BY 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)",{"url":175,"attribution":176},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F780\u002Fg0.webp","Foto: Vyacheslav Argenberg \u002F CC BY 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)",{"url":178,"attribution":173},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F780\u002Fg1.webp",{"url":180,"attribution":173},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F780\u002Fg2.webp",{"url":182,"attribution":183},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F780\u002Fg3.webp","Foto: Bernard Gagnon \u002F CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons)",{"url":185,"attribution":176},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F780\u002Fg4.webp",[187,191,195,199],{"title":188,"description":189,"imageUrl":190,"attribution":176},"Walk the Great Colonnade","More than 200 of the original 750 columns still line the street that once ran through the heart of the city, framing views toward the temple ruins and the desert hills beyond. Walk it in the first hour after dawn, when the low sun rakes gold across the honey-coloured stone and the shadeless site is still cool. From May to September the midday sun here is punishing, and early is also when you have the street largely to yourself.","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F780\u002Fe1.webp",{"title":192,"description":193,"imageUrl":194,"attribution":173},"Pass through the Monumental Arch","The city's triumphal arch once framed the turn from the colonnade toward the agora, Palmyra's public square. ISIS blew most of it up in 2015. The sections still standing show how tall the arch was and how densely its stone was carved.","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F780\u002Fe3.webp",{"title":196,"description":197,"imageUrl":198,"attribution":183},"Stand where the Temple of Bel once towered","Walk to the temple precinct at the end of the colonnade, where the largest religious building in the Roman Near East stood for nearly two thousand years until ISIS dynamited it in 2015. Standing before the emptied ground is the starkest measure on site of what was lost — and of why the slow restoration effort matters.","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F780\u002Fe4.webp",{"title":200,"description":201,"imageUrl":202,"attribution":176},"Explore the Valley of the Tombs and the hilltop citadel","Dozens of tower tombs stand in the valley west of the city, each several storeys high. Palmyra's wealthy families built them to hold their dead in style, generation after generation. On the ridge above, the 13th-century castle of Qalaat ibn Maan looks down on the whole site, and the climb up gives the widest view over the ruins and the oasis.","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F780\u002Fe5.webp",[204,209,213],{"boxType":205,"title":206,"body":207,"deepBody":208,"sourceNote":157},"history","The queen who defied Rome","Zenobia claimed descent from Cleopatra and ruled Palmyra as regent for her young son, pushing its armies across the Roman East until she declared full independence.","Her forces seized Egypt and much of Anatolia before Emperor Aurelian marched east, besieged Palmyra and captured her around 272 AD. Roman writers say he paraded her through Rome in golden chains; what happened afterwards — quiet exile near Tivoli, illness, or execution — the ancient sources never agreed.",{"boxType":205,"title":210,"body":211,"deepBody":212,"sourceNote":157},"The scholar who would not talk","Khaled al-Asaad looked after Palmyra's antiquities for over forty years and, held captive by ISIS, refused to reveal where the museum's treasures had been hidden.","The militants beheaded him in August 2015, at the age of 82, and hung his body from a column in the ruins he had spent his life studying. He had already helped move hundreds of statues to safety before the town fell, and the antiquities he shielded were never found by his killers.",{"boxType":214,"title":215,"body":216,"deepBody":217,"sourceNote":157},"geology","Why a city rose in empty desert","The one spring in the open desert here, Efqa, ran dry in 1994 after four thousand years, emptied by drought and heavy pumping.","The oasis has been cut off from its source ever since, and later projects to bring the flow back have not restored it. Nothing else on this stretch of steppe holds permanent water, which is why a caravan city grew at this exact point and nowhere near it.",[219,225,230,235,240,244],{"phenomenon":220,"peakMonths":221,"note":222,"requiresDarkSky":223,"sortOrder":224},"chapter_quiet",[90,95,130],"Sunny, mild days around 13°C are fine for walking the colonnade, but nights fall near freezing and brief rain or even snow can blow through. Nothing seasonal shuts — these are open desert ruins you share with almost no one.",false,50,{"phenomenon":226,"peakMonths":227,"note":228,"requiresDarkSky":223,"sortOrder":229},"chapter_peak",[100,105],"The desert's kindest stretch: highs climb from about 20°C in March to 26°C in April, cold nights ease, and the low sun rakes the honey-gold colonnade in comfort. This is Palmyra at its most walkable.",51,{"phenomenon":231,"peakMonths":232,"note":233,"requiresDarkSky":223,"sortOrder":234},"chapter_edge",[110],"Heat builds fast — afternoon highs near 32°C — so the shadeless site turns punishing by midday. Come at sunrise or in the last hour of light, when the stone glows gold and the air is still bearable.",52,{"phenomenon":220,"peakMonths":236,"note":238,"requiresDarkSky":223,"sortOrder":239},[115,120,125,237],9,"Furnace months: highs of 35–39°C on open, shadeless gravel make midday genuinely dangerous, and rain never falls. The ruins stay fully open and never close, but limit yourself to dawn and dusk and carry all your own water.",53,{"phenomenon":226,"peakMonths":241,"note":242,"requiresDarkSky":223,"sortOrder":243},[162,163],"The heat breaks: October averages around 28°C, November around 20°C, nights turn crisp, and the low autumn sun lingers warm and gold on the stone. With spring, this is the finest time to walk the colonnade and climb to Qalaat ibn Maan.",54,{"phenomenon":245,"peakMonths":246,"note":247,"requiresDarkSky":223,"sortOrder":248},"baseline",[],"Palmyra's honey-gold colonnade and tower tombs stand in the Syrian desert year-round, glowing at low sun; spring and autumn are mildest — though the site is only now reopening after war.",99,[250,262,273,285,297],{"id":251,"publicId":252,"slug":253,"name":254,"shortDescription":255,"categoryId":90,"importance":105,"lng":256,"lat":257,"coverImageUrl":258,"country":259,"region":260,"ratingAvg":155,"ratingCount":155,"sensitivity":155,"distanceM":261,"kind":157,"cityGuideId":157},532,"8e8a91f7b1b2","baatara-gorge-falls","Baatara Gorge Waterfall (Balaa)","A Lebanese waterfall that drops through three natural stone bridges stacked one above the other, then disappears into a limestone shaft 240 metres 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