[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"dest-e5f184dd7413":3,"categories-en":33,"detail-extra-521":169,"travel-countries-en":236},{"id":4,"publicId":5,"slug":6,"name":7,"shortDescription":8,"categoryId":9,"importance":9,"lng":10,"lat":11,"coverImageUrl":12,"country":13,"region":14,"ratingAvg":15,"ratingCount":15,"sensitivity":15,"distanceM":-1,"kind":16,"cityGuideId":17,"description":18,"countryCode":19,"adminArea":17,"elevationM":20,"bestMonths":21,"tips":28,"howToGetThere":17,"youtubeIds":29,"timezone":17,"cityGuideSlug":17,"cityGuidePublicId":17,"cityGuideName":17,"poiTheme":17,"poiNeighborhood":17},521,"e5f184dd7413","tavurvur-rabaul","Tavurvur Volcano (Rabaul)","A black cone on a drowned caldera in Papua New Guinea that buried a provincial capital in ash in 1994 and now warms birds' eggs.",4,152.203,-4.271,"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F521\u002Fcover.webp","Papua New Guinea","East New Britain, Rabaul",0,"nature",null,"Tavurvur is a black cone of ash standing on the rim of a drowned caldera at Rabaul, in East New Britain, Papua New Guinea. The harbour is the volcano. It is a flooded crater with a ring of green cones around it, which the Tolai call the Mother and her Daughters, and Tavurvur is the one that is still working. In September 1994 it erupted together with Vulcan, on the opposite shore, and put the provincial capital under grey ash. Almost everyone was out first, because the ground had been watched for decades and the town had drilled for it; the same pair had gone off without warning in 1937 and killed 507 people. The capital moved to Kokopo, and streets of the old town are still buried to the rooflines. The crossing starts at Matupit, the Tolai village closest to the cone, where outriggers and small open boats take you out. Halfway over, the ring of cones lines up behind you and the bare grey slope fills the view ahead.\n\nThe climb goes up loose scoria that slides back half a step for every step you take. At the rim the heat comes through your soles, the sulphur is sharp, and the ring of the crater runs right round the bay. Under the water below lie more than sixty wrecks. In the Second World War Japan made this flooded crater its main South Seas base, with as many as 100,000 personnel around the bay, and Allied bombing sank the ships where they stood. Down on the black sand at the cone's foot the ground is warm enough that hot springs seep into the shallows. From May to October the Matupit men spend their mornings there, shoulder-deep in pits dug into the ash. They are lifting out eggs. The Melanesian scrubfowl builds no nest and sits on nothing: it buries each egg about two metres down, in ground the volcano holds near 33°C, and then walks away. The chick hatches underground, digs its own way out and can fly almost at once, without ever meeting a parent.","PG",688,[22,23,24,25,26,27],5,6,7,8,9,10,"safety|**Go with a local guide and check the Rabaul Volcano Observatory's alert stage first** — this is a live vent, and the climb closes whenever activity picks up.\nmonths|**The southeast trades from May to October give the calmest crossing** — in the wet months the bay chops up and cloud sits on the cone all morning.\nwater|**The black beach is far hotter than it looks** — hot springs seep into the shallows, so test the sand and the water before you put a bare foot down.\nwildlife|**Only Matupit villagers may dig the egg fields** — watch from a distance, ask before you photograph anyone, and buy a few eggs rather than walking over the diggings.\naccess|**Ash gets into everything** — closed shoes, a dust mask and a sealed bag for your camera matter more here than a rain jacket.",[30,31,32],"ArBbgPUQ0Pw","dQZBotdKoI0","KWRLpFS-S7k",[34,39,44,49,54,59,64,69,74,79,84,89,94,99,104,109,114,119,124,129,134,138,142,146,150,154,159,164],{"id":35,"slug":36,"name":37,"color":38},15,"river","Rivers & Streams","#14B8A6",{"id":40,"slug":41,"name":42,"color":43},16,"coast","Coasts & Cliffs","#0891B2",{"id":45,"slug":46,"name":47,"color":48},17,"fjord","Fjords","#6366F1",{"id":50,"slug":51,"name":52,"color":53},18,"valley","Valleys","#22C55E",{"id":55,"slug":56,"name":57,"color":58},19,"volcano","Volcanoes & Craters","#EA580C",{"id":60,"slug":61,"name":62,"color":63},20,"wetland","Wetlands & Deltas","#0D9488",{"id":65,"slug":66,"name":67,"color":68},21,"savanna","Savannas & Plains","#EAB308",{"id":70,"slug":71,"name":72,"color":73},22,"rock-formation","Rock Formations","#9A3412",{"id":75,"slug":76,"name":77,"color":78},23,"plateau","Plateaus & Highlands","#84CC16",{"id":80,"slug":81,"name":82,"color":83},24,"ancient-site","Ancient Sites","#B45309",{"id":85,"slug":86,"name":87,"color":88},25,"sacred-site","Sacred Sites","#9333EA",{"id":90,"slug":91,"name":92,"color":93},26,"fortress","Fortresses","#78350F",{"id":95,"slug":96,"name":97,"color":98},27,"engineering","Engineering Marvels","#475569",{"id":100,"slug":101,"name":102,"color":103},28,"monumental-art","Monumental Art","#C026D3",{"id":105,"slug":106,"name":107,"color":108},29,"village","Villages","#F97316",{"id":110,"slug":111,"name":112,"color":113},30,"historic-town","Historic Towns","#E11D48",{"id":115,"slug":116,"name":117,"color":118},31,"unique-settlement","Unique Settlements","#10B981",{"id":120,"slug":121,"name":122,"color":123},1,"waterfall","Waterfalls","#38BDF8",{"id":125,"slug":126,"name":127,"color":128},2,"lake","Lakes","#3B82F6",{"id":130,"slug":131,"name":132,"color":133},3,"beach","Beaches & Coves","#0EA5E9",{"id":9,"slug":135,"name":136,"color":137},"mountain","Peaks","#F59E0B",{"id":22,"slug":139,"name":140,"color":141},"forest","Forests","#059669",{"id":23,"slug":143,"name":144,"color":145},"canyon","Canyons","#EF4444",{"id":24,"slug":147,"name":148,"color":149},"cave","Caves","#8B5CF6",{"id":25,"slug":151,"name":152,"color":153},"geothermal","Geothermal & Travertines","#F472B6",{"id":155,"slug":156,"name":157,"color":158},12,"ice","Ice Worlds","#60A5FA",{"id":160,"slug":161,"name":162,"color":163},13,"island","Islands","#06B6D4",{"id":165,"slug":166,"name":167,"color":168},14,"desert","Deserts","#D97706",{"gallery":170,"exps":185,"boxes":197,"seasons":212,"near":234,"peers":235},[171,173,176,179,181,183],{"url":12,"attribution":172},"Foto: Taro Taylor (düzenleme: Richard Bartz) \u002F CC BY 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)",{"url":174,"attribution":175},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F521\u002Fg0.webp","Foto: Dr Peter James Chisholm \u002F CC0 (Wikimedia Commons)",{"url":177,"attribution":178},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F521\u002Fg1.webp","Foto: Taro Taylor \u002F CC BY 2.0 (Wikimedia Commons)",{"url":180,"attribution":178},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F521\u002Fg2.webp",{"url":182,"attribution":178},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F521\u002Fg3.webp",{"url":184,"attribution":178},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F521\u002Fg4.webp",[186,190,194],{"title":187,"description":188,"imageUrl":189,"attribution":178},"Cross the drowned caldera to the cone","The crossing starts at Matupit, the Tolai village closest to the cone, where outriggers and small open boats put out alongside the ones from Rabaul. Halfway over, the ring of green cones around the harbour lines up behind you and Tavurvur's bare grey slope fills the view ahead.","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F521\u002Fe1.webp",{"title":191,"description":192,"imageUrl":193,"attribution":175},"Climb the ash cone to its crater rim","With a guide, you work up loose grey scoria that slides back half a step for every step you take. At the top the rim gives off heat you can feel through your soles, the smell of sulphur is sharp, and the whole ring of cones opens out around the bay.","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.jouvida.com\u002Fdestinations\u002F521\u002Fe3.webp",{"title":195,"description":196,"imageUrl":17,"attribution":17},"Meet the egg diggers on the hot black sand","From May to October, Matupit men spend their mornings shoulder-deep in pits dug into the volcano-warmed ash, lifting out scrubfowl eggs. Apart from the climb, it is the only thing that happens on this cone, and it goes on whether or not a boatload of visitors turns up.",[198,203,208],{"boxType":199,"title":200,"body":201,"deepBody":202,"sourceNote":17},"wildlife","The bird that lets the volcano brood","The Melanesian scrubfowl builds no nest and sits on nothing. It buries its eggs in ground the volcano holds at around 33°C, then walks away.","Each egg goes about two metres down into warm ash. The chick hatches underground, digs its own way out and can fly almost at once, never meeting a parent. Villagers say the birds moved onto Tavurvur's fresh ash fields after the 1994 eruption, which is why the diggers now work at the volcano's foot.",{"boxType":204,"title":205,"body":206,"deepBody":207,"sourceNote":17},"history","Why Rabaul knew to run","The town's lucky escape in 1994 was learned the hard way: the same pair of cones erupted in 1937 and killed 507 people.","That disaster led to the founding of the Rabaul Volcano Observatory, which has watched the caldera ever since. When earthquakes shook the peninsula on 18 September 1994, townspeople and villagers acted on decades of warnings and drills and left overnight; the eruption came the next morning.",{"boxType":204,"title":209,"body":210,"deepBody":211,"sourceNote":17},"A fleet parked inside a volcano","In the Second World War Japan made this flooded crater its main South Seas base, with as many as 100,000 personnel stationed around the bay.","Allied bombing sank ships where they lay: more than 60 wrecks still rest on the harbour floor and are dived today. The garrison went underground into a tunnel network reported to run for hundreds of kilometres, cut largely by prisoners and forced labourers, many of whom died doing it. Barge tunnels still open onto the shore near Rabaul.",[213,218,224,229],{"phenomenon":214,"peakMonths":215,"note":216,"requiresDarkSky":217,"sortOrder":120},"birds",[22,23,24,25,26,27],"Melanesian scrubfowl lay in the volcano-warmed ash at Tavurvur's foot from May to October, and the Matupit egg diggers work the black beach through those same months.",false,{"phenomenon":219,"peakMonths":220,"note":222,"requiresDarkSky":217,"sortOrder":223},"chapter_quiet",[120,125,130,9,221,155],11,"Nothing shuts by the calendar — boatmen still cross on calm mornings — but the northwest monsoon chops the bay and cloud sits on the cone until midday, rain peaks near March, and the egg fields lie empty.",50,{"phenomenon":225,"peakMonths":226,"note":227,"requiresDarkSky":217,"sortOrder":228},"chapter_peak",[22,23,24,25,26,27],"The southeast trades flatten Simpson Harbour, so the dawn crossing is smooth and the cone stays clear all day.",51,{"phenomenon":230,"peakMonths":231,"note":232,"requiresDarkSky":217,"sortOrder":233},"baseline",[],"The drowned caldera, the ring of green cones the Tolai call the Mother and her Daughters, and the black beach at the cone's foot are here every day of the 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