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Waitomo Glowworm Caves

Waitomo Glowworm Caves

CavesNew ZealandWaikato,New Zealand

A New Zealand limestone cave whose ceiling glitters with thousands of glowworms — larvae of a fly found nowhere else — crossed by boat in silence.

September·Edge of season

Sep–Nov

In spring the hills turn green and visitor numbers build back toward summer. September is still one of the wettest months, so a swollen river can cancel black-water rafting. The caves and their living ceiling are unaffected.


Year-round The glowworms light the cave ceilings all year — the living blue-green galaxy of Arachnocampa luminosa glows in every season, unchanged by the weather above ground.

The ceiling at Waitomo glitters blue-green with thousands of points of light, and every one of them is an animal hunting. The cave is limestone, in the Waikato of New Zealand's North Island, and the lights are the larvae of a fungus gnat that lives only in this country. You see them from a boat on the underground river, pulled along by hand on a rope while nobody speaks. With the last lamp out, the roof resolves into what looks like a clear night sky, doubled in black water still enough to hear the stone drip. The glow is bait. Each larva hangs up to thirty beaded silk threads below it, sticky with mucus, and lights its tail to draw insects into them. A hungry one burns brighter and dims once it has fed, and what it reels in is midges, moths and sometimes smaller glowworms. On the damp rock along the path the guide picks out single larvae, close enough for you to see the beads on the threads. The upper levels above the river come first. Stalactites, stalagmites and rippling stone curtains stand along the lit path, each built drip by drip, and the route passes through the Cathedral, a high chamber where guides stop for the acoustics. All of that rock began underwater: about thirty million years ago it was coral, shell and seabed, heaved up into hills and then dissolved out again by rain and the Waitomo Stream. Next door at Ruakuri the same water is taken on rougher terms, and you spend three hours in a wetsuit and an inner tube, floating and jumping down underground cascades with the glowworms overhead and a hot shower at the end. What is over your head all that time has about a year to live like this. When the larva has finished glowing it becomes a small fly with no working mouth. It cannot feed, and lives three or four days on what it stored: long enough to mate, lay the next eggs and go out.

Worth knowing

Good to know

  • For photos of the glow, add the Ruakuri Cave walk — cameras are banned on the Glowworm Grotto boat ride, but Ruakuri's walking tour lets you photograph the larvae up close.
  • Let your eyes adjust before looking up — after a minute in the pitch dark the ceiling reveals far more pinpricks than the first glance shows, faint ones surfacing as your night vision sharpens.
  • Heavy rain can raise the underground river — the boat ride shrugs off ordinary showers, but the black-water rafting in Ruakuri is the first thing cancelled when the stream runs high.
  • The glow has no off-season — the caves hold a steady 12-14C and the larvae shine in every month, so warm layers matter far more than which time of year you come.

Things to do

  1. 1

    Glide beneath a shimmering ceiling

    Glide beneath a shimmering ceiling

    Embark on a silent boat tour on the underground river; as your guide pulls the boat by hand, the lights dim, and thousands of glowworms on the ceiling shimmer blue-green, like a true night sky. Elsewhere the guide points out single larvae on the damp rock, close enough to study: each hangs beaded, sticky silk threads beneath it to catch insects, and the light comes from a chemical reaction in its tail.

  2. 2

    Stand in the Cathedral chamber

    Stand in the Cathedral chamber

    Stand in the Cathedral, the cave's high-ceilinged, echoing grand hall, where guides stop for the acoustics and the story of the cave's discovery. The lit pathways in and out run through stalactites, stalagmites and rippling stone curtains, each built drip by drip — between the glowing chambers, this is where the slow work of water on rock becomes visible.

  3. 3

    Tube down a dark river

    Tube down a dark river

    Join a black-water rafting run in neighbouring Ruakuri: three hours of floating and leaping down underground cascades in a wetsuit and inner tube, glowworms overhead and a hot shower at the end.

Watch

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